According to Aldobrandino of Siena, an Italian physician living in France in the mid-13th century, beauty or ugliness was determined by the way in which the nurse swaddled a new born. This is from his Regime du Corps, supposedly the first medical text written in French and translated into several other languages, c. 1254:
“After the woman has delivered the child, you should know how to take care of the child. Know that as soon as the child is born, it should be wrapped in crushed roses mixed with fine salt… And when one wishes to swaddle [the baby], the members should be gently couched and arranged so as to give them a good shape, and this is easy for a wise nurse; for just as wax when it is soft takes whatever form one wishes to give to it, so also the child takes the form which its nurses give to it. And for this reason, you should know that beauty and ugliness are due in large measure to nurses. And when its arms are swaddled, and the hands over the knees, and the head lightly swaddled and covered, let it sleep in the cradle.”
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